如何用java启动windows命令行程序

这是摘自《More Java pitfalls 中文版》上的例子。

先请编译和运行下面程序：

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class BadExecJavac2
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process proc = rt.exec("javac");
int exitVal = proc.waitFor();
System.out.println("Process exitValue: " + exitVal);
} catch (Throwable t){
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
我们知道javac命令，当不带参数运行javac 程序时，它将输出帮助说明，为什么上面程序不产生任何输出并挂起，永不完成呢？
java文档上说,由于有些本地平台为标准输入和输出流所提供的缓冲区大小有限,如果不能及时写入子进程的输入流或者读取子进程
的输出流,可能导致子进程阻塞,甚至陷入死锁。所以，上面的程序应改写为：

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class MediocreExecJavac
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process proc = rt.exec("javac");
InputStream stderr = proc.getErrorStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(stderr);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String line = null;
System.out.println("");
while ( (line = br.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(line);
System.out.println("");
int exitVal = proc.waitFor();
System.out.println("Process exitValue: " + exitVal);
} catch (Throwable t){
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

下面是正确的输出：

D:\java>java MediocreExecJavac

Usage: javac
where possible options include:
-g Generate all debugging info
-g:none Generate no debugging info
-g:{lines,vars,source} Generate only some debugging info
-nowarn Generate no warnings
-verbose Output messages about what the compiler is doing
-deprecation Output source locations where deprecated APIs are used
-classpath Specify where to find user class files
-cp Specify where to find user class files
-sourcepath Specify where to find input source files
-bootclasspath Override location of bootstrap class files
-extdirs Override location of installed extensions
-endorseddirs Override location of endorsed standards path
-d Specify where to place generated class files
-encoding Specify character encoding used by source files
-source Provide source compatibility with specified release

-target Generate class files for specific VM version
-version Version information
-help Print a synopsis of standard options
-X Print a synopsis of nonstandard options
-J Pass directly to the runtime system


Process exitValue: 2

D:\java>

下面是一个更一般的程序，它用两个线程同步清空标准错误流和标准输出流，并能根据你所使用的windows操作系统选择
windows命令解释器command.com或cmd.exe,然后执行你提供的命令。


import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

class StreamGobbler extends Thread
{
InputStream is;
String type; //输出流的类型ERROR或OUTPUT

StreamGobbler(InputStream is, String type)
{
this.is = is;
this.type = type;
}

public void run()
{
try
{
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String line=null;
while ( (line = br.readLine()) != null)
{
System.out.println(type + ">" + line);
System.out.flush();
}
} catch (IOException ioe)
{
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

public class GoodWindowsExec
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
if (args.length < 1)
{
System.out.println("USAGE: java GoodWindowsExec ");
System.exit(1);
}

try
{
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name" );
System.out.println("osName: " + osName);
String[] cmd = new String[3];

if(osName.equals("Windows XP") ||osName.equals("Windows 2000"))
{
cmd[0] = "cmd.exe" ;
cmd[1] = "/C" ;
cmd[2] = args[0];
}
else if( osName.equals( "Windows 98" ) )
{
cmd[0] = "command.com" ;
cmd[1] = "/C" ;
cmd[2] = args[0];
}

Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
System.out.println("Execing " + cmd[0] + " " + cmd[1]+ " " + cmd[2]);
Process proc = rt.exec(cmd);
// any error message?
StreamGobbler errorGobbler = new StreamGobbler(proc.getErrorStream(), "ERROR");
// any output?
StreamGobbler outputGobbler = new StreamGobbler(proc.getInputStream(), "OUTPUT");

// kick them off
errorGobbler.start();
outputGobbler.start();

// any error???
int exitVal = proc.waitFor();
System.out.println("ExitValue: " + exitVal);

} catch (Throwable t){
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
下面是一个测试结果：

D:\java>java GoodWindowsExec "copy Test.java Test1.java"
osName: Windows XP
Execing cmd.exe /C copy Test.java Test1.java
OUTPUT>已复制 1 个文件。
ExitValue: 0

D:\java>

下面的测试都能通过(windows xp+jdk1.5)

D:\java>java GoodWindowsExec dir

D:\java>java GoodWindowsExec Test.java

D:\java>java GoodWindowsExec regedit.exe

D:\java>java GoodWindowsExec NOTEPAD.EXE

D:\java>java GoodWindowsExec first.ppt

D:\java>java GoodWindowsExec second.doc
function TempSave(ElementID) {
CommentsPersistDiv.setAttribute("CommentContent",document.getElementById(ElementID).value);
CommentsPersistDiv.save("CommentXMLStore");
}

function Restore(ElementID) {
CommentsPersistDiv.load("CommentXMLStore");
document.getElementById(ElementID).value=CommentsPersistDiv.getAttribute("CommentContent");
}